Pages 11–14
Abstract
Research summary supplied by the authors
India possesses one of the richest goat genetic resources in the world and plays a significant role in global goat production. At present, 41 officially recognized goat breeds are documented in India, in addition to a large population of non-descript goats adapted to diverse agro-climatic regions. According to recent livestock census estimates, India has about 150 million goats, representing nearly one-fourth of the world’s goat population. Breed-wise population distribution shows dominance of Black Bengal in eastern India, Barbari and Jamunapari in northern regions, Sirohi and Marwari in arid and semi-arid zones, Osmanabadi in central India, and Malabari in the southern coastal belt. Skin quality varies considerably among breeds and is influenced by thickness, fiber structure, collagen content, and grain uniformity. Black Bengal goats are internationally recognized for producing fine-grain, thin, and strong skins highly preferred by the leather industry. Beetal and Jamunapari skins are moderately thick and suitable for high-quality leather products, while Malabari and Osmanabadi skins are valued for their elasticity and uniform texture. Emerging studies indicate the involvement of skin-related genes such as collagen family genes (COL1A1, COL3A1), keratin genes (KRTs), and regulatory genes associated with dermal structure and tensile strength. However, breedspecific molecular information on skin quality traits remains limited and needs systematic exploration. Economically, goat skins contribute substantially to the Indian leather sector, supporting rural livelihoods and export-oriented industries. This review highlights genetic, phenotypic, and management strategies for improving skin quality in Indian goats and emphasizes the need for integrated approaches to harness their underutilized genetic potential.